Hepatitis is a condition that causes inflammation of your liver. Currently, there are an estimated 6 million people living with hepatitis in the United States, and more than 50,000 people are diagnosed with this disease every year. There are three primary types of hepatitis, and while their symptoms can be similar, they vary largely in the ways they're transmitted. Learning more about each type of hepatitis can help you better understand the condition as a whole.
Hepatitis A is the most easily transmitted of the three viruses. It affects approximately 2,500 people every year in the United States. It typically spreads through feces-contaminated food or water and is found in the feces of people who have the virus. Hepatitis A causes a short-term, acute sickness that most people heal from without treatment. However, it can cause serious illness in some people. This virus is more common in places with underdeveloped sanitation systems.
While doctors can't treat hepatitis A with medication, people who get this virus can manage its symptoms with fluids, rest and good nutrition. There's also a safe and effective vaccine available to protect you against hepatitis A.
What Is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B can occur both acutely (meaning it develops quickly and lasts a short time) and chronically (meaning it develops slowly over time and worsens over months or years). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, up to 2 million people in the United States are chronically affected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sexual activity and exposure to infected blood. It can also be passed from a parent to their newborn child during birth.
Hepatitis B usually causes short-term discomfort that many people recover from completely after about four to eight weeks. However, it can turn into a chronic condition that lasts for years; this is more likely in older adults. Doctors can treat severe chronic hepatitis B with antiviral medications. However, in most cases, treatments focus on proper hydration and nutrition. There's a safe vaccine available to protect you against hepatitis B, too.
What Is Hepatitis C?
Approximately 4 million people in the United States are affected with hepatitis C. This form of hepatitis causes a chronic illness in over 50% of people who get this type of the virus. It's the least transmissible of the three viruses and can spread through contact with infected blood.
Hepatitis C occurs more commonly in people who engage in intravenous drug use. If you received a blood transfusion before 1992, you should also get tested for hepatitis C if you haven't previously. Hepatitis C can spread through unprotected sexual intercourse, but this is a less common way to transmit it. While there's no vaccine for chronic hepatitis C, treatments that are available today offer a 95% cure rate.
Chronic hepatitis C can significantly affect how your liver works. It can cause cirrhosis, which means that your normal liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue. It can also cause liver cancer. However, there are medications that can help keep this disease in check. Making lifestyle changes, such as reducing or eliminating alcohol from your diet, can also decrease your chances of experiencing complications. In severe cases, hepatitis C may require a liver transplant.
The varying forms of viral hepatitis affect millions of people in the United States. Chronic hepatitis often has few symptoms in its early stages, so recognizing the associated dangers and getting tested if you've been exposed may save your life. Although there are five types of viral hepatitis, only A, B and C are the forms commonly found in the United States.
Resource Links:
"Hepatitis A, B, and C: Learn the Differences," Immunization Action Coalition
"What's the Difference Between Hepatitis A, B and C?," UNC Health Talk
"The ABCs of Hepatitis," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
"What's the Difference: Hepatitis B vs Hepatitis C?," Hepatitis B Foundation
5 Glow-Enhancing Face Masks That Contain One *Very* Key Ingredient
Bustle/Amazon
You've seen plenty of beauty brands touting their vitamin C-enriched products of late, and know that the ingredient can help promote a glowier, more even-looking complexion, while also helping to prevent future skin damage from things like free radicals. And while vitamin C is often touted as the hero ingredient in serums and creams, it's worth incorporating one of the best vitamin C masks into your routine, too. Ahead, you'll find five top-quality picks for every skin type and budget; but first, some key tips and insights from board-certified dermatologist Dr. Jordana Herschthal, M.D., with whom Bustle spoke for this article.
"Vitamin C is a reliable and naturally occurring antioxidant important for our skin's health," explains Dr. Herschthal. "Normal skin contains high concentrations of vitamin C, as it is vital for collagen production and antioxidant protection. As we age, the levels of vitamin C in our skin can decrease. If present in the correct formulation, topical vitamin C as ascorbic acid can help boost the skin's vitamin C content." Dr. Herschthal also notes that topical vitamin C "has been shown to augment sunscreen's protective effects."
Though Dr. Herschthal reports that, occasionally, some acne-prone patients may experience breakouts with the use of topical antioxidants, for the most part, vitamin C is a well-tolerated ingredient for most skin types — even people with sensitive or redness-prone skin. The quality of your topical vitamin C product is more important than the chosen delivery method, so if you prefer a vitamin C mask over a vitamin C serum (or vice versa), that's absolutely fine.
To that end, below are five of the best face masks containing vitamin C, including a travel-ready sheet mask, an at-home facial peel, and a formula created specifically for acne-prone skin. All will leave your skin looking and feeling its best — so scroll on to shop them now.
We only recommend products we love and that we think you will, too. We may receive a portion of sales from products purchased from this article, which was written by our Commerce team.
Vitamin A should be an integral part of every person's diet. It plays vital roles in your body by helping to maintain your vision, skin health and even your immune system's ability to work properly. But it's important to consume the right amount; vitamin A can be harmful when your body gets too much of it. Learn more about vitamin A, including what it does, where to find it and what happens when you get too much of it.
Vitamin A is actually a group of fat-soluble vitamins like retinol, retinal and retinyl esters, all of which have various health benefits. Vitamin A is particularly important in the maintenance of vision — especially your ability to see in low light. Your body converts this vitamin to retinal, which combines with other molecules to form rhodopsin. This is the protein principally responsible for your eyes' absorption of light. If you're worried about your vision getting worse over time, make sure you get enough vitamin A. It's a good way to strengthen your sight naturally.
Consuming sufficient amounts of vitamin A can also work wonders for your immune system. Vitamin A promotes the production of white blood cells, particularly T cells, which eliminate viruses and bacteria from your body. Vitamin A also stimulates the production of special T cells called regulatory T cells. These help to reduce the risk of your body attacking its own healthy cells, which is what happens with some autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, vitamin A fortifies the linings of your respiratory, intestinal and urinary tracts, along with your skin and mucous membranes. It also sends additional immune cells there to prevent bacteria from entering your body and causing an infection.
Vitamin A is also involved in the maintenance of healthy skin by helping immature skin cells age properly into mature skin cells. It reduces sebum production, which can be problematic in oily skin. In fact, Isotretinoin is a common prescription-only vitamin A derivative used as a treatment for acne.
Vitamin A can also contribute to improved bone growth, cell division and cell differentiation. It even promotes reproduction and is a healthy supplement for people who are breastfeeding.
Food Sources of Vitamin A
Vitamin A is quite easy to come by naturally. Many of the most basic staples in our diets — meat, eggs, milk and cheese, for example — are excellent sources of vitamin A. Other specific animal sources have high vitamin A levels as well, such as kidney and liver. However, it's important to note that some of these foods have high cholesterol and saturated fat levels, so be sure to keep a healthy balance of these in your diet if you choose to eat them.
Vitamin A exists as either preformed vitamin A or as provitamin A carotenoids. Preformed vitamin A is found in animal and dairy sources. Provitamin A carotenoids include beta-carotene and alpha-carotene, which your body converts into vitamin A and other derivatives. Beta-carotene is found in foods like carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, cantaloupes, grapefruits, spinach, broccoli and apricots. As a general rule, the more vibrant the color of a fruit or vegetable is, the more beta-carotene it contains. As a bonus, you won't have to worry about the fat or cholesterol content in these foods.
Side Effects of Too Much Vitamin A
Getting the right amount of vitamin A in your diet shouldn't have any negative side effects. However, a vitamin A deficiency can lead to health issues over time. If you don't get enough vitamin A, you could develop vision problems. Plus, your immune system could weaken, leaving you susceptible to infectious diseases.
Perhaps even more serious are the side effects of consuming too much vitamin A, also known as hypervitaminosis A. Initially, too much vitamin A can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and even vomiting. Because vitamin A is fat-soluble, it tends to get stored in your liver if you consume too much of it, which can lead to liver problems and even liver failure. There's also evidence that getting excess vitamin A can cause osteoporosis and bone fractures.
In particular, pregnant people must be careful about their intake of vitamin A, as getting too much vitamin A can cause birth defects. Pregnant people shouldn't eat foods that are high in vitamin A, such as pate and fish liver oil. In general, babies and small children are more sensitive to vitamin A overdoses and deficiencies, so it's important to closely monitor their daily vitamin A consumption, too.
Taking Vitamin A: Daily Dosage Recommendations
According to the Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board, most adult men should consume around 900 micrograms (mcg) of vitamin A per day, and women should have around 700mcg per day. The recommended daily intake is lower (750–770mcg per day) in pregnant people and higher (1200–1300mcg per day) for people who are breastfeeding.
The daily dosage for children varies with age. From 0 to 6 months, infants should have 400mcg per day, after which they should consume 500mcg per day until they reach the age of 1. Children 1 to 3 years of age should get 300mcg per day, while those from 4 to 8 years of age need 400mcg per day. Those from 9 to 13 years old need 600mcg each day. Daily recommendations for children don't change based on gender.
These dosage requirements are general guidelines. Individuals may have differing daily recommendations for vitamin A, depending on their health status and lifestyle. Most people can get a sufficient amount of vitamin A simply by eating a balanced diet. Consult a doctor before taking any vitamin A supplements or changing from the recommended dosage for your age and sex.
In summary, it's important to be aware of the foods that'll give you an adequate supply of vitamin A. Provided you have a balanced diet, you might not need to take vitamin A supplements. Be aware of foods containing high levels of vitamin A, and avoid eating too much of these, particularly during pregnancy.
All hail Vitamin C serum, if ever there was an 'it' product, it's this little beauty.
This one single product is capable of delivering a lot of skincare goodness, ranging from brightening dull skin, evening our skin tone, providing a barrier against pollution and moisturising skin.1
In a nutshell, this one serum is said to transform skin by making it look:
Healthier – tick
Glowing – tick
Brighter – tick
Smoother – tick!
And it's precisely because of this that it's become such an essential skincare ingredient.2
What is Vitamin C serum?
What is it about this serum that makes it such a skincare saviour?
Well, most of us immediately associate Vitamin C with bright, juicy oranges, which are packed full of the stuff. If you're one them, you wouldn't be wrong. Vitamin C can also be found in lots of other fruit and veg, such as broccoli, strawberries, peppers and blackcurrants.3
This vitamin is also known as ascorbic acid and is responsible for:
Protecting the cells in our body and keeping them healthy
Maintaining healthy skin
There are also derivatives of Vitamin C, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl palmitate, retinyl ascorbate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.
These derivatives are used to create Vitamin C serum, and while they may not be 100% pure sources of Vitamin C, like the examples above are, they're still capable of pretty powerful, almost mind-blowing stuff. The moment you put them on your skin, they enable pure Vitamin C to be released into your skin cells. Sounds somewhat magical, doesn't it, we bet you're looking at them in a whole new light now, aren't you?...4
What are the benefits of applying Vitamin C serum to my skin?
We've already touched on the main benefits above, but if you're up for a bit of an 'at a glance' recap, which we'realways up for, then here you go:5
Protects skin from everyday environmental damage – UV light and air pollution can create free radicals in the skin that are far from desirable. They can our skin look dull and potentially lead to the formation of lines and wrinkles. However, Vitamin C serum, everybody's skincare knight in shining armour, fights off these skin nasties and protects it.
Helps get that collagen pumping again – Vitamin C helps build collagen and delays skin from losing its structure, which is held in place by collagen. At the same time, it can also help slow down the arrival of wrinkles and fine lines.
Assists with lightening up brown spots – Vitamin C serum's reportedly renowned for helping even out pigmented skin and actually stop it from it happening in the first place.
Do Vitamin C serums really work?
Is it really possible for one skincare product to work its magic in so many different ways? You'd better believe it, because word on the beauty and skincare block is it really does stand up to all the hype.6
Just one Google of 'Do Vitamin C serums really work?' and you're presented with no end of articles, containing comments from skincare professionals, all bigging up Vitamin C serums for a myriad of reasons.
Some marvel about its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles and stimulate collagen production. Meanwhile others rave about how it can potentially help prevent skin from being damaged by free radicals, AKA radiation, sunlight and smoke, and the fact it can be used on sensitive, wrinkled, acne-prone, sun-damaged and clogged skin too.
There's plenty of research out there about Vitamin C serum's abilities too. They include a study by researchers at the University of Leicester and the Institute of Molecular Cellular Biology in Portugal, who confirmed Vitamin C serum's role in boosting skin elasticity and collagen production and reducing fine lines and wrinkles.
As for if Vitamin C serums will work for you, we guess there's only one way to find out, by giving them a whirl. And if you need a hand choosing one or two, keep reading, we've listed some of the most popular Vitamin C serums for you, as reviewed by our customers, below.
Some of the best Vitamin C serums on the market...
Wondering which Vitamin C serum is best? Check out these, they're some of the most popular among our customers right now…
Trilogy Vitamin C Booster Treatment 12.5ml
Customer rating:5 stars
This is an intense two-week brightening treatment, with natural Vitamin C that's freshly activated when you begin your treatment. Antioxidant powerhouse, Vitamin C, helps to kickstart the skin's normal renewal processes that help improve brightness, pigmentation and skin tone.
How to apply it: Pop the cap, shake well. Remove the cap and replace with pipette dropper. Apply 3 to 4 drops to clean face, neck and décolletage morning and night.
Customer reviews:
"I found this did exactly what it said on the box. I feel my lines were decreased and it smelt gorgeous."- Jacks27.
"An excellent product! A freshly activated treatment that makes a real difference to the skin."- Nadoushka.
Vitaskin Vitamin C Collagen Boosting Serum 30ml
Customer rating:4.6 stars
This antioxidant-infused serum is developed with a range of active ingredients, designed to visibly plump skin and help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It contains a high level of Vitamin C and omega oils from a blend of kiwi, sea buckthorn and sweet orange oils that hydrate the skin and deliver a healthy glow. 99% natural and 100% vegan.
How to apply it: Use on clean skin.
Customer reviews:
"I can notice the difference in my skin. My face looks healthier and the dark circles around my eyes has faded a bit." – Roadster.
"I love this serum, soaks into my skin so easily. Makes my skin feel so soft." – Suzit.
"I've tried others and this is great, goes on lovely and sinks into the skin really nicely. I have seen a difference in my skin since using this and have ordered another while on offer." – Anonymous.
Holland & Barrett Vitamin C + Hyaluronic Acid Serum 10ml
Customer rating:4.5 stars
This serum has been formulated with high quality, natural ingredients to help give skin an amazing, healthy-aging boost. It's been enriched with hyaluronic acid, a substance naturally found in the skin. which helps to keep it wonderfully moisturised while also reducing any redness. The serum is suitable for normal or combination skin and is made from 100% vegetarian and vegan-friendly ingredients.
How to apply it:Use this serum twice a day after cleansing. Gently smooth a small amount over your face and neck.
Customer reviews:
"It's a fab serum that's non-sticky. A little goes a long way and definitely does brighten and plump up skin....would recommend." – RomanN.
"This is a brilliant serum, I use it every morning and night as part of my beauty regime. Skin looks great after use."- SamSam82.
"Brilliant product, my face was looking really dull, but using this product in with my regular moisturiser has worked wonders , giving my skin a real boost." Littlemck.
Oleus Vitamin C Oil 50ml
Customer rating:4.5 stars
Oleus' Vitamin C Oil is a lightweight oil that helps to energise and illuminate the skin to give it a healthy glow. Vitamin C contains potent anti-oxidants that are known to help reduce the appearance of dark spots and dull skin.
How to apply it: Use it in the morning and evening after cleansing. Apply 2 to 3 drops either directly to the face and neck or massage in with palms.
Customer reviews:
"Great value and quality, happy with the purchase. Would buy again." – Adriana73.
"Nice product, good value on the discount, I will buy this product again." – Anonymous.
Grounded Vitamin C and Hyaluronic Acid Facial Serum 60ml
Customer rating:4 stars
This serum's made with hyaluronic acid to hydrate and plump skin, 20% Vitamin C to help boost the production of collagen and brighten dark circles and Aloe Vera to soothe.
How to apply it: With clean hands and on to a cleansed face, drip a pea-sized amount of the Vitamin C serum on to your face and neck. Massage all over, making sure to rub it well into your skin. Leave on overnight.
Customer reviews:
"I'm very happy with my product, my hyperpigmentation has started to fade just three days after I started using this serum." – Aiwor.
"I have only been using this for a few days, but I'm really enjoying it so far. It's a lovely consistency, which feels moisturising and sinks into my skin very well with few rubs. I've used other serums that are slightly tacky before, and I've had to throw them away, as I hate the feeling on my skin.
"Overall, my skin is feeling much softer and I'm hoping in the long-run it will help my pigmentation issues. So far, so good." – Selina0413.
"I've only been using this a short time and can already see a difference. My pigmentation has gone down and my skin looks firmer! Definitely recommend trying this." – CHRS.
How do you feel about Vitamin C serum now? Hopefully, you're feeling all up to speed on all there is to know about Vitamin C benefits and are possibly looking forward to giving it a go?
For more on the wonders of Vitamin C and why it's so fabulous for skin, have a read of this….'What's the big deal about Vitamin C for skin?' You'll most certainly have made your mind up about it after reading this!
Naravno, reč je o mandarinama, a zašto treba svakodnevno konzumirati pročitajte u nastavku:
1. Mandarine za vitku liniju
Kao idealna namirnica za jačanje imuniteta i vitku liniju preporučuje se i mandarina koja je sastavom slična pomorandži: obiluje vitaminima C i A, folnom kiselinom i kalijumom, a tu su i vitamini B grupe i kalcijum, magnezijum, cink, bakar i gvožđe.
2. Snižava loš holesterol
Istraživanja su pokazala da kora mandarine sadrži hranljiva jedinjenja koja snižavaju "loš holesterol", objavljeno je u časopisu Diabetes.
3. Sprečava gojaznost
Naučnici sa Univerziteta Ontario otkrili su kako hranljiva materija skrivena u mandarinama sprečava gojaznost, nudi zaštitu od dijabetesa tipa 2 i ateroskleroze. Reč je o bolestima koje su odgovorne za pojavu srčanog, ali i moždanog udara.
4. Odlične za kožu
Od mandarina možete napraviti i masku za lice za zdraviji i blistaviji izgled kože. Uzmite 4 kriške madnarine, odstranite semenke i izmiksajte u blenderu sa kašikom jogurta i kašikom meda. Nanesite na lice i vrat i ostavite da deluje 10 do 20 minuta. Dobro operite lice, a masku možete koristiti dva puta nedeljno ako imate masnu kožu i jednom sedmično ako imate suvu i normalnu kožu.
5. Popravlja raspoloženje
Verovali ili ne, mandarine mogu popraviti vaše raspoloženje, tvrde iz Klinike Mejo. Miris mandarine pomaže kod stresa, depresije i teskobe. Ako imate loš dan i želite da se osećate opuštenije, pokušajte s mandarinama!
Savet plus: Kod kupovine mandarina birajte one teže jer sadrže više vode i soka. Kako ne bi izgubile vredne nutrijente, mandarine držite podalje od direktnog svetla. Konzumirajte ih svakako unutar sedam dana od dana kupovine.
Con Zinc, que contribuye al normal funcionamiento del sistema inmune
INMUNOFERON es un complemento alimenticio con una fórmula exclusiva a base de AM3® (alfa glucomanano fosforilado y proteína de soja), tecnología patentada por Cantabria Labs, y zinc, ingrediente que contribuye al normal funcionamiento del sistema inmune.
Cada lote de INMUNOFERON Cápsulas es verificado por medio del programa Informed Sport en relación a sustancias prohibidas para deportistas. Los productos se someten a unos rigurosos test mediante métodos acreditados por la ISO 17025 para proporcionar el máximo nivel de seguridad para los deportistas. Para más información acerca de los procesos de testeo, por favor visite informed-sport.com.
Contribuye al normal funcionamiento del sistema inmune gracias su contenido en Zinc.
Por cápsula o sobre: 30 mg AM3® 3 mg Zinc
Adultos: 2 cápsulas o 2 sobres una vez al día Niños: 1 cápsula o 1 sobre una vez al día
No superar la dosis diaria expresamente recomendada. Los complementos alimenticios no deben utilizarse como sustituto de una dieta variada y equilibrada y un estilo de vida saludable. Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños más pequeños.
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Vitamin C supplementation is associated with improved blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes, research suggests. A small Australian study, published in the journal Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, reports that people with type 2 diabetes who took a vitamin C tablet two times a day reduced their blood glucose spikes after meals by 36%. The Deakin University research revealed people who took the vitamin C supplements spent almost three hours less a day with high blood glucose levels. A total of 31 participants took part in the study, comprising 26 men and five women, all of whom had type 2 diabetes. They were spilt into two groups. One group was not given vitamin C, while the second group was given two 500mg doses daily, equivalent to approximately 10 times the intake considered to be normal. Both groups ate standardised meals and were monitored with continuous glucose monitors over a four-month period. "We found that participants had a significant 36% drop in blood sugar spike after meals. This also meant that they spent almost three hours less per day living in a state of hyperglycemia. This is extremely positive news as hyperglycemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in people living with type 2 diabetes," said associate professor Glenn Wadley, who led the study. The participants who took vitamin C also had lower blood pressure, the results revealed. Prof Wadley added: "Vitamin C's antioxidant properties can help counteract the high levels of free radicals found in people with diabetes, and it's encouraging to see this benefits a number of the disease's common comorbidities, such as high blood pressure. "For people living with type 2 diabetes, vitamin C could be a potentially cheap, convenient and effective additional therapy, used in addition to their usual anti-diabetic treatments. Study participants with hypertension also had their blood pressure levels drop while taking the vitamin C tablets." The findings indicate that vitamin C provides significant health benefit, but as the researchers say, the significance is that vitamin C is used as an "effective additional therapy", such as a healthy diet. For many people, eating a real-food diet such as that recommended on our award-winning Low Carb Program can help people lose weight, reduce their blood glucose levels and even put type 2 diabetes into remission.